JLPT N4 Grammar List

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Updated on 26 May 2026
JLPT N4 Level Grammar 文法

If you need a fast way to refresh your memory before the JLPT N4 exam, this page maps out the essential grammar points you are likely to see. The explanations are sourced from various reliable learning materials and kept short and clear to help you easily review everything you need right before test day.

Please note that this is not a cumulative list and excludes grammar points already covered in previous level. To review the prerequisite grammar, you can access the list for JLPT N5 Grammar.

Looking for N4 vocabulary and N4 Kanji? View the complete JLPT N4 Vocabulary List and Flashcards, JLPT N4 Kanji List and Flashcards, or other JLPT resources.

JLPT N4 Grammar: Explanations and Examples

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GrammarExplanationExample
~しTo list multiple reasons, causes, or states that lead to a conclusion.このアパートは駅に近い、きれい、とても便利です。
Dictionary Form + とUsed for natural laws, machine operations, or regular habits where Action A inevitably causes Action B.このボタンを押す、切符が出ます。
ならTo provide a suggestion, opinion, or condition based on a topic brought up by the other person.カメラを買うなら秋葉原あきはばらがいいですよ。
~そうですTo report hearsay or information learned from another source. Attached to dictionary/plain forms.雨が降るそうです
[I heard it’s going to rain.] (Someone told me, or I saw the weather report).

天気予報によると、明日は晴れるそうです

このケーキは美味しいそうです
[I heard this cake is delicious.] (I haven’t eaten it, but reviews say it's good).
そうですTo show that something looks or seems a certain way based on visual evidence. Drop the final ~ます from a verb, or drop the final ~い from an -i adjective before adding そうです.空が暗いですから、雨が降りそうです
[The sky is dark, so it looks like it's going to rain.]

このケーキは美味しそうです
[This cake looks delicious.] (It's sitting in front of me and it looks delicious).
~みたいTo state that something resembles or looks like something else based on your thoughts or senses.あの人は日本人みたいです。
~のようなTo describe a noun by comparing it to another illustrative noun.私は彼女のような優しい人と結婚したいです。
~のようにTo describe an action or state by comparing it to another illustrative example.のように空を飛びたいです。
~く / ~にするTo indicate that someone actively changes the state of something.テレビの音を大きくしました

部屋をきれいにしました
~ことにするTo express a personal decision or choice that the speaker has made about their own future behavior.来年、日本へ行くことにしました

夜遅いですから、もう何も食べないことにします
~てあるTo describe a continuous state resulting from an intentional, purposeful action done by someone in the past. Used with transitive verbs.壁にカレンダーが掛けてあります
~ているあいだに, ~To state that a temporary or sudden event occurred during a continuous time frame where another action was happening.子供が寝ているあいだに、料理を作りました。
~てみるUsed when attempt to do something to see what the outcome or experience will be like.日本の料理を作ってみました
~ておくTo say performing an action ahead of time to prepare for a future event or purpose.友達が来る前に、部屋を掃除しておきます
~てあげるUsed when the speaker (or someone close to them) performs a helpful favor or action for someone else.私は妹に宿題を教えてあげました
~てくれるUsed when someone else performs a favor or action for the speaker (or the speaker's family).田中さんは私に英語の辞書を貸してくれました
~てくれてありがとうA casual, warm way to thank someone for doing a specific favor or helpful action for you.手伝ってくれてありがとう
~てもらうTo express receiving an action or favor from someone, often implying you asked or arranged for them to do it.私は先生に日本語を直してもらいました
~ていただけませんかA polite and formal request asking someone to do a favor for you.駅へ行く道を教えていただけませんか
~てすみませんTo apologize for a specific action or mistake you made.遅くなってすみません
~てしまうTo express either completing an action entirely, or doing something accidentally with feelings of regret.宿題を全部やってしまいました

大切な鍵をなくしてしまいました
~てもTo state that a condition or action will not change the outcome.雨が降っても、出かけます。
~てよかったTo express relief or happiness that a specific past event happened or turned out well.病気が治ってよかったです。
~ながらIndicates that two actions are happening simultaneously by the same person, with the emphasis on the second verb.音楽を聞きながら、勉強します。
~てほしいTo express the speaker's desire for another person to perform a specific action.あなたに日本語を教えてほしいです
~といいですTo express a hope or wish that something favorable happens (either for oneself or someone else).明日はいい天気だといいです
~たがるTo describe the desires or wishes of a third party (not yourself).子供が公園に行きたがっています
~かもしれないTo express a possibility or guess that something might happen or be true (usually about a 50% chance).明日は雨が降るかもしれない
~はずですTo express a strong conviction or logical certainty based on solid reasons or evidence.田中さんは今日会社に来るはずです
しか~ないTo emphasize that there is nothing else except the specified item (implies insufficiency).財布の中に千円しかありません

ひらがなしか書けません
~たらどうですかTo give advice or make a gentle recommendation to someone.薬を飲んだらどうですか。
~よう / ~おうTo propose an action, invite someone to do something, or state an intention. The casual form of ~ましょう.今日はラーメンを食べよう

図書館で一緒に勉強しよう。

一緒に京都きょうとへ行こう

また来週もよう
~させるIndicates: (1) forcing someone to do an action, or (2) giving them permission to do it.お父さんは弟に部屋を掃除させました
~させられるUsed when you are made or forced to do an action by someone else, resulting in feelings of reluctance or annoyance.私はお母さんに野菜を食べさせられました
~なさいA firm, authoritative command often used by parents to children or teachers to students.早く寝なさい
~ないでTo describe doing an action without doing another, or as a request for someone to refrain from an action.朝ご飯を食べないで、学校へ行きました。

辞書を使わないで、日本語の本を読みます。
~ば / ~ればA conditional form focusing on the prerequisite condition needed for a certain result to happen.まっすぐ行けば、駅が見えます。

薬を飲んで寝れば、元気になりますよ。

毎日練習すれば、上手になります。

朝ご飯を食べなければ、お腹が空きますよ。

ければ、たくさん買いたいです。
~ばよかったTo express regret or disappointment about something you did not do in the past.もっと勉強すればよかったです。
~たらA highly versatile conditional form used when a specific condition is fulfilled, or once a chronological sequence occurs.国へ帰ったら、仕事をします。
~かどうかTo embed a "yes/no" question inside a larger sentence, or "whether".明日雨が降るかどうかわかりません。
~という~To introduce, name, or define a noun that the listener might not be familiar with.これは「さくら」という歌です。
~やすいTo show that an action is easy to perform, or that an object has a tendency to undergo that state easily. Attached to a verb stem.この漢字は書きやすいです。
~にくいTo show that an action is physically or psychologically difficult to perform. Attached to a verb stem.この肉は硬くて食べにくいです。
~られるTo change the perspective of the sentence so that the focus is on the person receiving or experiencing the action (often an annoying event).私は弟にケーキを食べられました
のにConnects two clauses to show a contradiction, unexpected result, or a feeling of dissatisfaction/surprise.薬を飲んだのに、まだ頭が痛いです。

外は 寒いのに、弟はアイスクリームを食べています。

この料理は 簡単なのに、とても美味しいです。

なのに、今日は全然寒くないです。

This grammar list uses Jonathan Waller's list as a starting point.

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First published by  on Last Modified on 26 May 2026.

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